Quran What Prevents You From Being Created Again

• Journal List
• Int J Wellness Sci (Qassim)
• 5.3(1); 2009 Jan
• PMC3068791

Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2009 Jan; 3(1): 103–109.

Human Embryology and the Holy Quran: An Overview

Abstract

Human's quest to know about his origin has led him to search his roots and the best source for him has been religious scriptures. The greatest phenomenon is the Holy Quraan. There is an elegant description of origin, development and step past step developmental stages of intra-uterine life in Quraan. Muslims had this knowledge in 7th century and the Prophet Muhammad's Ahadeeth (sayings, deeds, approvals narrated by accurate narrators) had explained almost everything about natal and even postnatal events. These findings once presented to experts in the field of Anatomy and Embryology surprised them and they believed that the knowledge given to the Prophet Muhammad was indeed divine. Who else would provide this noesis to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) except the Creator Himself.

Mod embryology is a fairly contempo evolution which has its beginning with the invention of microscope in the 17th century. Notwithstanding the concept of the human being developing in stages was not recognised until much afterward. Simply the scientists and so and about Muslim and non-Muslim scholars do non even know that the holy Quran and Sunnah [words, deeds, approvals of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) collected by accurate narrators] had provided a detailed description of the significant events in human development from the stages of gametes and conception until the total term pregnancy and delivery or even post partum. Actually information in the Quran and Hadith corrected many superstitious and vague ideas about human development that were prevalent before.

Introduction

Since eternity homo has ever wanted to understand and probe into secrets of Nature; how and when creation began and his purpose in this world. This inquisitive human being sought the help of civilizations, nature, old manuscripts, sometimes even the prophesies of saints and above all religions

Aristotle thought that foetus was formed in uterus from a coagulum of blood and seed from menstrual claret. Greeks and Europeans thought that foetus was created from menstrual blood, or else they thought that foetus was fully created and was in a miniature form in sperm or in ovule. In 1604 Fabricus came out with excellent drawings of chick embryo. Malphigi in 1672 who is considered father of modern embryology idea poultry eggs independent a miniature chick and others thought that human beingness was fully formed in sperm or an ovum. He came out with chick drawings showing clear somites. In 1673 Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope. Hartsoeker'south cartoon of a human spermatozoon in 1694 conspicuously had this impression that a fully formed homo nucleus (human grade) was formed in a spermatozoon or in ovum. In 1775 this controversy ended when Spallanzani showed the necessity of both ovum and sperm for the development of a new individual. It was in 19^th century that the development cycle of mammalian ovum was discovered. The writings of Von Baer, Darwin and Haeckel introduced the phase of "experimental embryology". The second phase called the "stage of mechanisms" started in late 19th century and scientists found chemical mechanisms of development by Otto Warburg. Ross Harrison introduced the technique of in vitro cell culture. Frank Lillie investigated the mechanism by which the egg was fertilized by the spermatozoon and finally Hans Spermann gave us the mechanism of tissue interaction. The tertiary or the about modern phase started from 1940 to the present day. The present phase may be aptly called the stage of "instrumentation". We had electron microscope, sophisticated imaging tools, ultracentrifuge, spectrophotometer and the list is very long. Thus, nosotros could study office of nucleus, cytoplasm, jail cell hybridization, nuclear transplants, and cistron cloning and other techniques.

Human being nucleus

Now nosotros are at a stage when we can look at embryos with clarity unimaginable during Malphighi's fourth dimension. We have Artificial Reproductive Technology (Art) and a choice of GIFT, ZIFT, ICSI and we accept fifty-fifty a selection of designer babies! We have frozen embryos, a prospect of having minimum of v parents for a child conceived with Art technique. We can see in future a woman giving nascence to, in essence, to herself, or to her sister, or even her female parent! Thank you to cloning!! Yep, we have come a long mode just with the help of modern sophisticated techniques. But my aim is to take the present twenty-four hour period person to the Arabia of 7^th century when prophethood was bestowed to the near loved person in Islam the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Imagine Arabia in vii^th century. Arabs living in deserts were wanderers and camel herders. They had no interest in inventions and discoveries except making gauntlets and sharpening swords to wage wars and only few flush families were traders and in that surroundings we practise not expect someone to take a high tech lab; Or for that matter study abortion specimens to inform mankind about the diverse stages of inra-uterine life.

Prophet Muhammad was illiterate, had no formal teaching and it was through him that Muslim scholars had the cognition about conception, morphology, various phases of intrauterine life which modernistic day scientists came to know merely few decades back.

In Quran there is reference of diverse stages of human development in many capacity and information technology is not possible here to mention and explicate them all. I have selected ii references for this brief communication.

(Quran: Surah AI-Mu'minun,23:Ayat 12–xiv).

We (Allah) created human from a quintessence of clay. We then placed him as a nutfah (drop) in a place of settlement, firmly stock-still, and then We made the drop into an alaqah (leech similar structure), and and then We changed the alaqah into a mudghah (chewed like substance),then We made out of that mudghah, izam (skeleton,basic),then Nosotros clothed the bones with lahm (muscles,mankind) then We acquired him to grow and come in being and attain the definitive (homo)class. And so, blest be God, the best to create.

And then if we accommodate these stages chronologically we might come up with something like this

1. Nutfah amshaj (driblet that is mixed) this stage covers the period from fertilization to implantation. This stage is farther divided into: (present day germinal phase): Khalq, Taqdir, Harth.

2. Takhleeq (nowadays 24-hour interval embryonic): this stage extends from the outset of the 3^rd week until the cease of the 8^thursday week and covers the developmental events. This stage is further divided into: Alaqah (leech-like), Mudghah (somites), Izam (skeleton) and Laham (muscles).

3. Nash"ah: (Growth) [present day Foetal stage] During this flow the shaping and modelling are agile,the external advent develops in such a style that foetus becomes recognizably human being.It lasts till the completion of pregnancy.It is further divided into: An-nashaa-Khalaqakha (from 9–26wks) and Al Hadana-al Rahamiya (from 26 wks to total term). This could be an apt way of classifying the diverse stages of human development. ^(three)

Caption:

1. Nutfa amshaj:

Nutfa means a drop and amshaj means mixtures. This term describes the mixture and convergence of male and female person fluids in the uterine or the Fallopian tubes to form zygote. Information technology has the form of a drop of fluid and consists of a mixture of male and female secretions. The nutfa amshaj tin can be subdivided into:-

1.1. Khalk:

when the male and female secretions meet they may or may not form a coceptus or a a zygote. If a zygote is formed with 46 chromosomes, a new existence volition be produced. This process of formation of a single private by fusion of two secretions has been aptly termed Khalak.

1.2. Taqdir:

The human creation begins with formation of a zygote just what are its characteristics, what information technology will inherit from father and what from female parent? This process takes place a few hours afterward Khalak phase. The Holy Quran called it Taqdir stage and modernistic scientists call information technology genetic programming. The Taqdeer in Arabic means planning, determining or programming. Very similar indeed! The Quran indicates that these processes occur in immediate succession and nosotros know that these processes are completed less than thirty hrs after fertilization. The process of sex determination takes place in this stage. The Quran states in sura An-Najam that:

"And He did create the ii sexes, the male and the female from Nutfah when emitted or planned"Quran: (surah An-Najam,53:Ayat45–46).Nosotros know that if sperm with a "y" chromosome fertilizes ovum, information technology is a male person child and if sperm bearing "X" chromosome fertilizes ovum it is a female child.

1.3. Harth:

When the phases of Khalk and Taqdir are completed, the zygote migrates from from fallopian tube to the uterus where information technology implants itself similar to a seed planting in soil. It gets embedded in endometrium and receives its nourishment and develops a different shape and structure. It is mentioned in Quran that endometrial lining of the uterus is like to the soil in which a seed is embedded. During this stage the existent settlement begins, and is described In Prophet's Hadith as:

"The Angel enters upon the conceptus (nutfah) subsequently it rests in the uterus for forty or forty-five nights….(Narrated past Muslim).

Cosmos (Takhliq)

During the second principal stage, the Takhliq, prison cell differentiation takes place to class systems and organs. It starts at the showtime of the third week upto eighth calendar week and is a process of rapid cell growth and intense activity with regard to organogenesis.⁽³⁾ The embryo goes through the following stages:

ii.1: Alaqah:-

The period begins on day 15 and is completed on day23 or 24,when the embryo gradually acquires the shape of a leech, the Arabic word "alaqah" has three meanings --- (i) Leech (ii) a suspended matter (three) a claret clot. At that place is a great similarity between a fresh h2o leech to early embryo. Enclosed moving-picture show shows the similarity between the two. The second meaning is a suspended thing and that is what we can see the way embryo is attached to the placenta in this phase. Both these meanings draw and reflect accurately the external appearance of embryo at this stage. The third pregnant –"the blood clot" describes the near important internal structure that affects the external appearance, for in alaqah phase blood is formed in the blood vessels in the class of isolated islands and the embryo resembles a blood clot descriptions are given miraculously by a single word----"Alaqah".

2.2:

The second stage is Mudghah which means a chewed substance. The embryo changes from Alaqah to Mudgaha stage at 24 to 26 days.The word Mudghahah means:

• - Something that has been chewed by teeth

• - A piece of a meat of a chewable size

• - Pocket-size substance

In this phase the embryo resembles a chewed substance but however bears the teeth marks. The embryo shows the distinct somites which resemble teeth marks in the embryo's body. The second and the tertiary pregnant of Mudghah use to the embryo in relation to its size for information technology is approximately 1 centimeter in length, the size of a chewable object. Outside surface in Alaqah stage is smooth and in Mudghah. It acquires furrows, swellings and corrugated surface which gives the embryo the chewed appearance.

The next stage is:

2.iii:

The izam... which means (bones in Arabic). The embryo stays in Mudgaha stage upto 6 weeks.In the beginning of seventh week, cartiligenous skeleton begins to form and eventually the embryo takes the human shape with germination of skeleton. Bone formation is sequential, pry. Ossification centres appear in femur in seventh calendar week and in sternum and the maxilla in weeks8–nine.With this phase the embryo takes the human shape and this fact has been verily described in the following Hadeeth:

"When 42 nights have passed from the time of Nutfah (fourth dimension of conception), Allah sends an angel to it, who shapes it and makes its hearing, sight, pare, muscles and bones.....(Narrated by Huzaifa...in Sahih Muslim, Kitab Al-Qadar). Before 42 days embryo cannot be distinguished from embryo of other animals, simply at this phase it becomes clearly distinguishable.

2.4:

Laham...Al-Kisa' bil-Laham (article of clothing the bones with mankind)

We have already seen that skeleton is formed in seventh week and the differenciation of muscles starts in the eighth week, in other words myogenesis takes place during this phase. Development of definitive muscles starts in the trunk and the foetus starts moving, and muscles take their position around the bones. The sequence of events is very fast as is mentioned in the Quran.(utilise of fa...an Arabic conjunction which means rapid sequence of events). The Quran states the fact equally

"Then (fa) We clothed the bones with lahm, muscle, flesh)...."The passage also indicates that lahm phase represents the end of embryonic (takhlik) stage, which is followed past Nashah stage. The conjunction thumma (so) indicates a slow sequence with a time lag between the two stages. ^(three)

The Growth (Al-Nashaa)

The discussion Nasha'a in Arabic means: to initiate, abound and develop, to rise and increase

This phase begins from 9th week to term and is further divided in ii stages:

ane. Attaining the definite human being form (the outset stage is An-Nashaa al khalqan)

This stage begins from nine weeks until 26 weeks and during this stage at that place is rapid growth and evolution. Upwardly to 12 wks the growth is tedious but later 12 weeks the growth is very rapid and the overall size of the foetus increases rapidly. The proportional size of caput, torso and limbs is more balanced and lanugo hair appears on the body. The sex differentiation is possible amid movements are very well appreciated. By the cease of this stage the diverse organs are fully functioning, east.g: kidneys are forming urine, claret cells are formed in bone marrow and hair follicles appear.

Human form not attained (five–six)

Definite human course

2. The second phase is Al-Hadanah ar –rahamiya (uterine incubation)

This stage begins from 26 weeks to full term (40 weeks by dates). It is a known fact that a baby tin can survive outside without placental or uterine support subsequently 24 to 26 weeks that is viability; so minimum required menstruum to survive is up to 26 weeks.so, last 3 months tin exist considered a time for the uterus to provide additional support and a place for normal growth.

The Holy Quran has explained with precise definition and elegance this phase of intra uterine development and the pregnant of Nashah applies clearly. The meaning to "initiate, describes the initial functioning of various organs and systems. The second meaning "to grow" indicates the rapid growth and the development of diverse organs. The third meaning "to rise and increase" describes the very rapid and obvious increase in foetal size and weight.

Therefore, the term "nash'ah" clearly and accurately describes the foetal period.

(Quran: Surah Az-zumar, 39:Ayah half-dozen).

"He makes you in the wombs of your mothers in stages, 1 later on some other, in three veils of darkness.."

This statement is from Sura 39:6. It is not known when scholars realized that man beings were developed in uterus, only the known illustration is of "foetus in a womb" drawn by Leonardo da Vinci in the fifteen^th century only Galen in the 2d century AD had described the placenta and membranes in his volume" on the Germination of a Foetus.

The three veils of darkness may exist referred to: Anterior abdominal wall, the uterine wall and Amnio-chorionic membrane.

The interpretation seems to be the about logical from embryological point of view. With grace and elegance it has been described in the Holy Quran!

This estimation seems to be the most logical from an embryological signal of view. ^(four)

Discussion

Scientifically nosotros came to know near these stages in xix^th or 20^th century and before that at that place is no detailed mention. Generally Scholars held the Aristotle's view that foetus was formed from menstrual blood and they believed in other fanciful and imaginative theories without any scientific proof. Many Muslim scholars refuted those views and their deprival was based on their noesis from the Holy Quran. They refuted this view in 1448 AD, on the ground of this Quranic verses

"Was he not a drop of germinal fluid emited"? Al-Qiyamah,(75:37).

They held their view as per this Hadeeth mentioned and discussed by Ibn-Hajer (852 H:1448 AD) in Fath-Al-Bari (Vol ii; p 447–491) which goes similar this....Many Anatomists claim that the male fluid has no effect on the cosmos of kid except for coagulation of blood and that the kid is formed from the menstrual blood. However, prophet'south Hadeeth in this chapter refutes this claim" It is true that they took the verbal significant of the words but could not sympathise the subconscious pregnant which was possible simply later the discovery of Electron microscope and other high tech. machines used in modern labs. It is since 19^th century that we have come to know the precise steps and stages in the development of various stages in man development. The Muslims scholars were overwhelmed and started collecting information and compiling it.⁽³⁾

Information technology was two decades ago that all the data was given to famous Scientists, Anatomists and Embryologists. Really this work was started in King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah.⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾ One of the nigh eminent scholars is Keith Moore (ane of the highest authorities in the field of embryology) and he surveyed a lot and was overwhelmed to know that Muslims had this cognition since 7th century. He studied a lot and said that he would not have been able to reply virtually of the questions 30 years back due to lack of scientific knowledge.

In 1981, during the 7th Medical Conference in Dammam, Saudi arabia, Moore said, "It has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify some statements in Quraan about human development. It is clear to me that these statements must accept come to Muhammad from God (Allah), because almost all of this knowledge was non discovered until many centuries afterwards. This proves to me that Muhammad must have been a Messenger of God (Allah).^(ten)

Joe, the Chairman of Baylor College of the USA said that not but the findings were correct but in fact Islam could guide scientific discipline in future. ⁽¹⁰⁾

Johnson, another Anatomist from U.s.a. was really surprised and contradicted his own theories that these statements from Holy Quran could exist a coincidence,or else Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had a powerful microscope and in the stop said that being a scientist and depending on Quranic verses he believed that Muhammad was receiving information from somewhere and felt that Divine intervention was involved.

These great minds confirmed that this cognition is true word by word and conformed to present embryological findings. Their surprise was overwhelming as to how all this was possible in 7^th century and that Syedna Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was illiterate and he could neither read nor write.

Above all they agreed that Divine intervention was involved!!

Conclusion

Holy Quran contains comprehensive clarification of human development; no such singled-out and complete tape of man development, such as nomenclature, terminology and description existed before. This knowledge came to the states in an era when there was no microscope, no slides, no fixatives or any other gadgets and above all this description is narrated by a person who was illiterate! Who would reveal this information to him except the CREATOR Himself!

In fact Allah verily says:

"Soon we will show them our signs in the (furthest) regions (of the earth), and in their ain selves, until it becomes manifest to them that this is the truth. Is it non enough that your Lord does witness all things".

Quran (41:53).

References

1. The Holy Quraan. English Translation of the Meanings and Commenatary. Ed. The Presidency of Islamic Research, IFTA, Telephone call and Guidance. Publisher: The Custodian of The 2 Holy Mosques, King Fahd Comples for the printing of Holy Quran. Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi arabia. 2007.

2. The English Translation of the Holy Quraan past M. Yousuf Ali (qibla.msa.upen.edu/alim). 2006

three. Human Development in Quraan. World Muslim League, Makkah al Mukarrama. Commission on Scientific Signs in Quran and the Sunnah. 2000.

4. Moore Keith. Periodical of Islamic Medical Clan. 1986;xviii:15–16. [Google Scholar]

5. Scientist's Interpretation of Refernces to Embryology in Islam.(world wide web.Islam101.com)

9. Ibn Hajer (852H;1448 Advertisement) in Fateh-al-Bari. Affiliate 1-some prove for truth of Islam) (Second edition) 1997;2:477–491. [Google Scholar]

x. The Quraan and the Mod Scientific discipline past Zakir Naik. Riyadh. 2007:60–74. [Google Scholar]

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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068791/

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